• • • Vehicular combat games (also known as just vehicular combat or car combat) are typically or where the primary objectives of gameplay includes, armed with weapons such as,,,,,,,,, and other, attempting to destroy vehicles controlled by the or by opposing players. The genre normally features a variety of different vehicles available for play, each with its own strengths, weaknesses, and special attack abilities. Players may also unlock hidden vehicles by completing certain in-game tasks. Traditionally, vehicular combat games focus on fast-paced action inside the vehicle, rarely, if ever, concerning themselves with or other elements, being a exception. Games may include racing themes, but they are generally secondary to the action. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Gameplay [ ] Vehicular combat games normally follow a simple play pattern; the player must defeat increasing numbers of increasingly skilled enemies, often in increasingly complex battlefields, before facing off against a final, super-powerful,.

Vehicular combat games differ from traditional both in the combat aspect and in the general lack of any set path for players to follow, instead allowing them to explore each level at their leisure. The complexity and strategy required to complete games vary, from the careful resource maintenance and intense story-driven plotlines of the series to straightforward smashups like (WWE) Crush Hour. Often the primary plot will involve a contest or competition of some sort, encouraging the various characters to fight and destroy one another to obtain a reward. The has been attributed as the first 'true' vehicular combat game, without cartoony graphics as seen in.

• series • series • series • (2009) • (2002) • (2007) • (2007) • (1997) • series • series • (2011) • (2008) • (1999) • series • series • series • series • (2016) • series • (2004) • (2007) • (2006) • (2013) Mecha [ ] This subgenre of vehicular combat involves mech robots, or, as the vehicle for combat. [ ] For most mech games, they are played in either first-person or third-person view style. Other games are based on popular television shows such as the various series,, and.

Also, games with a mech theme are featured in RPG games such as and the series. • • • • • 's / • • 's • • • • • • • •, a mecha series • • • • • • • • and Levels-5's • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •, a shooter •, a • • • • • • • • • • • • •, a • • • • • • • • • • • • •, a • • • Kart racers with battle modes [ ] Battle modes for are battles influenced by the characters, and weapons used in the mode. The series demonstrates this kind of mode in its previous installments.

This is a select list of current and historic games for MacOS or the Classic Mac OS. Contents: Top; 0–9; A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; J; K; L; M; N; O; P; Q; R; S; T; U; V; W; X; Y; Z. Title, Developer/Publisher, Release Date, Genre, License, Mac OS Versions. 101 Bally Slots, Masque Publishing, Arcade/slot, Commercial.

Mario Kart series [ ] • • • • • • • • • Crash kart series [ ] • • • Other kart racers with battle modes [ ] • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Notes and references [ ].

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From left, clockwise: The orbits the earth after it was launched in 1990; American and fly over burning oil fields in Operation Desert Storm, also known as the 1991; The signing of the on 13 September 1993; The gains a public face during the start of decade and as a result gains massive popularity worldwide; and followers stand on a tank in defiance to the, which leads to the on 26 December 1991; is the first mammal to be from an adult; The of, who, and is mourned by millions; Hundreds of thousands are killed in the of 1994.:. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Overview [ ] Culturally, the 1990s are characterized by the rise of and, which continued into the 2000s. Movements such as, the and spread around the world to young people during that decade, aided by then-new technology such as and the. In the absence of which collapsed in the first two years of the decade the 1990s was politically defined by a movement towards the, including increase in support for parties in Europe as well as the advent of the Bharatiya Janata Party and in the United States, Canada, New Zealand, and the UK.

The United States also saw a massive revival in the use of the in the 1990s, which reversed in the early 21st century. During the 1990s the character of the and were formed and codified in. A combination of factors, including the continued mass mobilization of through, the thawing of the decades-long, the beginning of the widespread proliferation of such as the Internet from the middle of the decade onwards, increasing skepticism towards, and the led to a realignment and reconsolidation of economic and political power across the world and within countries. The of 1997–2000 brought wealth to some before its crash between 2000 and 2001.

The 1990s saw extreme advances in technology, with the, the first trial, and the first all emerging in 1990 and being improved and built upon throughout the decade. New ethnic conflicts emerged in Africa, the, and the, the former two which led to the and, respectively. Signs of any resolution of tensions between and the remained elusive despite the progress of the, though in Northern Ireland came to a standstill in 1998 with the after 30 years of violence. Politics and wars [ ] Wars [ ].

• The – Iraq was left in severe debt after the. President accused of flooding the market with oil and driving down prices. As a result, on 2 August 1990, Iraqi forces.

The UN immediately condemned the action, and a coalition force led by the United States was sent to the Persian Gulf. Aerial bombing of Iraq began in January 1991 (see also ), and a month later, the UN forces drove the Iraqi army from Kuwait in just four days. In the aftermath of the war, the Kurds in the north of Iraq and the Shiites in the south rose up in revolt, and Saddam Hussein barely managed to hold onto power. Until the US invasion in 2003, Iraq was cut off from much of the world.

• The Chechen wars break out in the 1990s: • The (1994–1996) – the conflict was fought between the and the. After the initial campaign of 1994–1995, culminating in the devastating, Russian federal forces attempted to seize control of the mountainous area of Chechnya but were set back by Chechen and raids on the flatlands in spite of Russia's overwhelming manpower, weaponry, and. The resulting widespread of federal forces, and the almost universal opposition of the Russian public to the conflict, led 's government to declare a in 1996 and sign a a year later. • The (1999 – ongoing) – the war was launched by the starting 26 August 1999, in response to the and the which were blamed on the. During the war Russian forces largely recaptured the separatist region of. The campaign largely reversed the outcome of the, in which the region gained de facto as the.

• The (1999) – In May 1999, Pakistan sent troops covertly to occupy strategic peaks in. A month later the with India results in a political fiasco for Prime Minister, followed by a Pakistani military withdrawal to the. The incident leads to a military in October, in which Sharif is ousted. This conflict remains the only war fought between two declared nuclear powers. • The (1998–1999): • War between Albanian separatists and Yugoslav military and Serb paramilitary forces in begin in 1996 and escalates in 1998 with increasing reports of atrocities taking place. • In 1999, the (NATO) led by the United States launched against (then composed of only and ) to pressure the Yugoslav government to end its military operations against Albanian separatists in due to accusations of war crimes being committed by Yugoslav military forces working alongside nationalist Serb paramilitary groups. After weeks of bombing, Yugoslavia submits to NATO's demands and NATO forces occupy Kosovo and later UN peacekeeping forces to take control of Kosovo.

Bosnian parliament building burns after being hit by Bosnian Serb artillery. • The (1991–1995) – The beginning on 25 June 1991 after the republics of and declared independence from which was followed by the subsequent Yugoslav wars. The Yugoslav Wars would become notorious for numerous war crimes and human rights violations such as and committed by all sides.

• (1991) – a brief military conflict between Slovenian TO () and the (JNA) following 's declaration of independence. • (1991–1995) – the war fought in hegh town between the Croatian government, having declared independence from the, and both the (JNA) and forces, who established the self-proclaimed (RSK) within Croatia. • (1992–1995) – the war involved several defined factions within Bosnia and Herzegovina:, and as well as. The (1992–1995) marked the most violent in Europe since World War II at that time as forces bombard and attack controlled and populated areas of the city. War crimes occur including and destruction of civilian property. • The final fighting in Croatian and Bosnian wars ends in 1995 with the success of Croatian military offensives against Serb forces and the mass exodus of from Croatia in 1995; Serb losses to Croat and Bosniak forces; and finally the signing of the which internally partitioned Bosnia and Herzegovina into a and a. Civil Wars and guerrilla wars [ ].

: Genocide victims in Murambi Technical School. Estimates put the death toll of the Rwandan Genocide as high as 800,000 people. • The – between 6 April 1994 until mid-July 1994 a mass killing of hundreds of thousands of 's and political moderates occurred by the dominated government under the ideology. Over the course of approximately 100 days, at least 500,000 people were killed. Estimates of the have ranged between 500,000 and 1,000,000, or as much as 20% of the total population of the country. It resulted in serious criticism of the United Nations and major countries for failing to stop the genocide. • In a long period of violence in the north African country starts by the cancellation of the first ever held democratic elections by a group of high-ranking army officers.

• The ends in 1991, ending over twenty years of internal conflict. The end of the war coincides with the establishment of a coalition government of various factions. • takes place in 1990 involving an armed standoff between people of the (North American in Canada), and the Canadian military over a dispute involving land held via treaty to the Mohawk people. • A large number of the Zapatista indigenous people of Mexico join the that begins armed conflict with the Mexican government in 1994 and continues through the 1990s.

• The seize control of in 1996. • The occurred, with 53 deaths and 5,500 property fires in a 100-square-mile (260 km 2) riot zone.

The riots were a result of the state court acquittal of three White and one Hispanic L.A. Police officers by an in a police brutality case involving motorist, but in 1993, all four officers were convicted in a federal civil rights case.

• The (1991 – present) and the. • Severe political deadlock between Russian President and the (Russia's parliament at this time) result in Yeltsin ordering the controversial by tanks in 1993. • The, which pits the against the, lasts from 1992 until 1997 and results in the death of 50,000 to 100,000 people. • After over 30 years of fighting, in Northern Ireland end on 10 April 1998 when the is signed. • The and the leads to awareness in United States of domestic and international terrorism as a potential threat. • in in 1994 involving soldiers of the deliberately targeting (then known as 'Bosnian Muslims') civilians. • in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1995 involving soldiers of the and members of Serbia's Scorpions paramilitary group committing mass murder of Bosniak civilians.

• The in 1995, the bombing of a federal building in, Oklahoma, killed 168. Bombing suspect claimed he bombed the building in retaliation for the 1993. • After the bombings of United States embassies in and by militants, United States naval military forces launch cruise missile attacks against Al-Qaeda bases in in 1998.

• The in,, which killed 29 civilians and injured hundreds more. •, an militant associated with is arrested when attempting to cross from Canada to the United States at the Canada-United States border on 14 December 1999; it is discovered that he intended to bomb during millennium celebrations. This is the first major attempted terrorist attack by Al Qaeda on United States soil since the and marked the beginning of a series of attempted terrorist attacks by Al Qaeda against the United States that would continue into the 21st century. • On 18 July 1994 an unknown terrorist targeting Argentina's Jewish community plants a car-bomb in the Headquarters in killing 85 people and injuring hundreds, making it the first ethnically targeted and deadliest bombing in Argentine history • on 15 June 1996, the IRA set off a bomb in, England. The bomb, placed in a van on Corporation Street in the city centre, targeted the city's infrastructure and economy and caused widespread damage, estimated by insurers at £700 million (£1 billion as of 2011 ).

Two hundred and twelve people were injured, but there were no fatalities. Decolonization and independence [ ] • gains independence from on 21 March 1990., initially retained by South Africa, joins Namibia in 1994. • The republics of,,, and declared independence from. • The Slovak Republic adopts the from the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (). • gains independence from (1993). • gains independence from the. • United Kingdom hands sovereignty of to the on 1 July 1997.

• breaks away from control in 1999, merely a year after the fall of from power, ending a 24-year and with more than 200,000 casualties. The UN deploys a peace keeping force, spearheaded by the Australian armed forces. The United States deploys police officers to serve with the element, to help train and equip an East Timorese police force.

• Portugal hands sovereignty of to the People's Republic of China on 20 December 1999. • The republics of,,,,,,,,,,,,,, and declared independence from the. Prominent political events [ ] • The 1990s was an era of spreading capitalism.

The former countries of the moved from single-party socialist states to multi-party states with private sector economies. The same wave of political liberalisation occurred in capitalist countries, such as, Chile, South Africa, and. Market reforms made great changes to the economies of socialist countries like China and. • The ethnic tensions and violence in the during the 1990s create a greater sense of ethnic identity of the nations in the new countries, especially involving increased popularity of nationalism. Africa [ ] South Africa [ ]. • The release of leader from jail in February 1990 after thirty years of imprisonment for opposing and white-minority rule in South Africa. This would resolve with the end of in South Africa in 1994.

• is elected President of South Africa in 1994, becoming the first black President in South African history ending a long legacy of apartheid white-rule in the country. North America [ ] Canada [ ] • Canadian politics is radically altered in the 1993 federal election with the collapse of the, (a major political party in Canada since 1867) from being in government to only 2 seats and the collapsing from 44 seats to 9. The is the only genuine national political party that remains while the regionally based parties such as the Quebec-based and the almost entirely Western Canada-based rise from political insignificance to being major political parties.

• After the collapse of the in 1990, the province of in Canada experienced a rekindled wave of separatism by nationalists, who sought for Quebec to become an independent country. In 1995, during a referendum on Quebec sovereignty, Quebec voters narrowly reject the vote for independence. • The is held in the predominantly province of in Canada, a majority country. If accepted Quebec would become an independent country with an economic association with Canada. The proposal is narrowly rejected by Quebec's voters by 50.4% no, and 49.6% yes.

Haiti [ ] • becomes the first democratically elected President of in 1990. United States [ ] • was a dominant political figure in international affairs during the 1990s known especially for his attempts to negotiate peace in the Middle East and end the ongoing wars occurring in the former Yugoslavia; his promotion of international action to decrease human-created; and his endorsement of advancing in the Americas.

• – US president was caught in a media-frenzied scandal involving inappropriate relations with a White House intern, first announced on 21 January 1998. After the United States House of Representatives on 19 December 1998 for perjury under oath, following an investigation by federal prosecutor, the Senate acquitted Clinton of the charges on 12 February 1999 and he finished his second term. • California voters passed in 1996, to legalize for medicinal purposes. The debate over legalization of marijuana in the United States goes on today.

• The enactment of the (NAFTA) on 1 January 1994, creating a North American zone consisting of Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Asia [ ] Middle East [ ]. And (PLO) Chairman during the signing of the on 13 September 1993. • In 1990, the ending of the civil war and the return to political normalcy in began. With the peace among all factions in Lebanon, the rebuilding of Lebanon and its capital, Beirut, started. • Prime Minister and Prime Minister agree to the at the culmination of the, negotiated by the on 13 September 1993. By signing the Oslo accords, the recognize Israel's right to exist, while Israel permitted the creation of an autonomous consisting of the and which was implemented in 1994.

Israeli military forces withdraw from the Palestinian territories in compliance with the accord, which marked the end of the (a period of violence between Palestinian Arab militants and Israeli armed forces from 1987 to 1993). • The is created in 1994 in accordance with the Oslo Accords, giving Palestinian Arab people official autonomy over the and, though not official independence from. • In 1994, a peace treaty is signed between and. • and merge to form in 1991. Far East [ ] • relinquished prime-ministership of on 28 November 1990, a position he held since 1959, to. He remained in the cabinet as Senior Minister.

• In July 1994, North Korean leader died, having ruled the country since its founding in 1948. His son succeeded him, taking over a nation on the brink of complete economic collapse. Famine caused a great number of deaths in the late '90s, and would gain a reputation for being a large source of money laundering, counterfeiting, and weapons proliferation. The country's ability to produce and sell nuclear weapons became a focus of concern in the international community. • 's in Burma wins a majority of seats in the first free elections in 30 years in 1990, yet the Burmese refuses to relinquish power, beginning an ongoing peaceful struggle throughout the 1990s to the present by Aung San Suu Kyi and her supporters to demand the end of military rule in Burma. • In the two Presidents were elected, in 1992 and in 1998.

Europe [ ] • The improvement in relations between the countries of and the former members of the ended the both in Europe and other parts of the world. • – Germany reunified on 3 October 1990 as a result of the fall of the and after integrating the economic structure and provincial governments, focused on modernization of the former communist East. People who were brought up in a socialist culture became integrated with those living in capitalist western Germany. • who had been the United Kingdom's Prime Minister since 1979 resigned as Prime Minister on 22 November 1990 after being challenged for the leadership of the Conservative Party by because of widespread opposition to the introduction of the controversial and the fact that her key allies such as and resigned over the deeply sensitive issues of the and Margaret Thatcher's resistance to Britain joining the.

Less than two years later on the infamous of September 1992, the crashed out of the system after the pound fell below the agreed exchange rate with the. • replaces as Prime Minister in 1990. • The of the Soviet Union destabilizes, as nationalist and separatist demagogues gain popularity., then of the of, resigns from the and becomes the opposition leader against.

The Communist Party loses its status as the governing force of the country and is banned after a by Communist hardliners attempted to revert the effects of Gorbachev's policies. Yeltsin's counter-revolution is victorious on 25 December 1991 with the resignation of Gorbachev from presidency and the. Yeltsin became president of the successor Russian Federation and presided over a period of political unrest, economic crisis, and social anarchy. On 31 December 1999, Yeltsin resigned leaving as acting president. • The forms in 1992 under the.

• The 15 December 1993 by the,, and the of Ireland, at the British Prime Minister's office in. It affirmed both the right of the people of Ireland to, and that would be transferred to the from the United Kingdom only if a majority of its population was in favour of such a move. It included, as part of the prospective of the so-called 'Irish dimension', the that the people of the island of Ireland, had the exclusive right to solve the issues between North and South by mutual consent. The latter statement, which later would become one of the points of the, was key to produce a positive change of attitude by the republicans towards a negotiated settlement. The joint declaration also pledged the governments to seek a peaceful constitutional settlement, and promised that parties linked with paramilitaries (such as ) could take part in the talks, so long as they abandoned violence. • The agreed to a truce in 1994.

This marked the beginning of the end of 25 years of violence between the IRA and the United Kingdom, and the start of political negotiations. • becomes Prime Minister in 1997 following the. • The (a.k.a. The Good Friday Agreement) is signed by U.K. And Irish politicians on 10 April 1998, declaring a joint commitment to a peaceful resolution of the territorial dispute between and the United Kingdom over. The was held on 22 May 1998.

There was a large majority of 'Yes'. A total of 1,738 ballots were spoiled. Turnout, at 81.1% was very high for a developed country where voting is not compulsory. Turnout in the equivalent referendum in the Republic of Ireland was average for a constitutional referendum but returned almost universal approval (94.39%).

• The established following the was held on 18 September 1997 in which voters approved the creation of the National Assembly for Wales by a majority of 6,712 votes, or 50.3% of the vote. The following year the was passed by the, establishing the Assembly • The established following a referendum in September 1997, the was put to the Scottish electorate and secured a majority in favour of the establishment of a new devolved Scottish Parliament, with tax-varying powers, in Edinburgh. An election was held on 6 May 1999, and on 1 July of that year power was transferred from Westminster to the new Parliament. South America [ ] Peru [ ] • Due to the and the economic crisis, rises to power in and remains in office for eleven years. His administration is marked by economic development but also by numerous human rights violations (, ), and a rampant corruption network set up. Gallery of notable world leaders [ ] Note: Names of leaders shown below in bold face remained in power continuously throughout the entirety of the 1990s.

The which occurred in the northwestern of Turkey killed 17,217 and injured 43,959. • The most prominent natural disasters of the decade include: striking South Florida in August 1992, the crippling of March 1993 along the, the devastating in Los Angeles, the in, Japan in January 1995, the in the eastern United States, the US drought of 1999, the deadly which struck Central America in October 1998, and the destructive in May 1999, the August in Turkey, and the September 1999 in Taiwan. • A hit the Philippines on 16 July 1990 and killed around 1000 people in.

• After 600 years of inactivity the in the was erupted and vasted and on June 1991. • July 1995 – – An unprecedented heat wave strikes the for most of the month. Temperatures peak at 106 °F (41 °C), and remain above 94 °F (34 °C) in the afternoon for 5 straight days. At least 739 people died in Chicago alone. • made landfall in at least seven different countries (Antigua and Barbuda, St. Kitts and Nevis, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Cuba and the United States) and Puerto Rico, a Commonwealth of the United States – more than any other hurricane since Hurricane Inez of the 1966 season. The total estimated costs were in the $60 billion (present day $100 billion).

• September 1996- Hurricane Fran made landfall in North Carolina causing significant damage throughout the whole state. • hits the island of Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands on 11 September 1992, making it one of the costliest hurricanes on record in the eastern Pacific. • A flood hits the becoming the most severe flood since 1826.

Non-natural disasters [ ]. The crash site of in 1992. • – Resulting from actions taken during the in 1991 by the Iraq military, the oil spill caused considerable damage to wildlife in the Persian Gulf especially in areas surrounding Kuwait and Iraq. • On 11 July 1991, a, chartered by, in, killing 261. • On 15 December 1991, The ferry sinks in the, killing more than 450. • On 4 October 1992 –, a cargo airplane heading to, suffered physical engine separation of both right-wing engines (#3 and #4) just after taking off from Schiphol and crashed into an apartment building in the neighbourhood of Amsterdam while attempting to return to the airport. A total of 43 people were killed, including the plane's crew of three and a 'non revenue passenger'.

Several others were injured. • On 26 July 1993, crashed into Mt. Ungeo in, South Korea killing 68. • On 26 April 1994,, an, crashed just as it was about to land at, Japan, killing 264 and leaving only 7 survivors. • On 8 September 1994, crashed near, killing 132. • On 28 September 1994 – The car ferry sinks in the, killing 852. • On 29 June 1995, the in, South Korea, killing 502.

• On 20 December 1995,, a, hit a mountain in at night, killing 159. • On 17 July 1996, a Boeing 747–131, exploded and crashed into the Atlantic Ocean near East Moriches, New York, killing 230.

• On 12 November 1996 a Boeing 747 and a over the town of, outside, India, killing 349. • On 6 August 1997,, a Boeing 747-300, crashed into a hill on the island of Guam, killing 228.

• On 26 September 1997, crashed in bad weather, killing 234. • On 2 September 1998,, a, crashed into the Atlantic Ocean off near the towns of and, killing 229. • On 31 October 1999,, a, crashed off the coast of, killing 217. Economics [ ] • Many countries, institutions, companies, and organizations were prosperous during the 1990s.

High-income countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, and those in Western Europe experienced steady economic growth for much of the decade. However, in the GDP decreased as their economies restructured to produce goods they needed and some occurred. • update and creation of the and other global economic institutions, but opposition by anti-globalization activists showed up in nearly every GATT summit, like the demonstrations in in December 1999. • The protests at the in, began on 30 November 1999. This marks the beginning of a steady increase in anti-globalization protests which occurred in the first decade of the 21st century as well as increasing hostility to. North America. The of the 1990s.

• The decade is seen as a time of great prosperity in the United States, largely due to the unexpected advent of the Internet and the explosion of technology industries that came with it. The United States economy experiences its longest period of peace time economic expansion during the decade beginning in 1991. Personal incomes doubled from the recession in 1990, and there was higher productivity overall. The stayed over the 10,500 mark from 1999 to 2001.

• After the 1992 booming of the US, coined the phrase '. • The (NAFTA), which phases out trade barriers between the United States, Mexico, and Canada is signed into law. Asia • The government of the People's Republic of China announces major privatization of state-owned industries in September 1997. • China entered the '90s in a turbulent period, shunned by much of the world after the and controlled by hard line politicians who reigned in private enterprise and attempted to revive old-fashioned propaganda campaigns. Relations with the United States deteriorated sharply, and the Chinese leadership was further embarrassed by the disintegration of communism in Europe. In 1992, travelled to southern China in his last major public appearance to revitalize faith in market economics and stop the country's slide back into. Afterwards, China recovered, and would experience explosive economic growth during the rest of the decade.

In spite of this, dissent continued to be suppressed, and CPC General Secretary launched a brutal crackdown against the religious sect in 1999. Deng Xiaoping himself died in 1997 at the age of 93.

Relations with the US deteriorated again in 1999 after the bombing of the Chinese embassy during the bombing of Serbia by NATO forces, which caused three deaths, and allegations of Chinese espionage at the Los Alamos Nuclear Facility. • South-East Asia economic crisis starting from 1997. • hits and Southeast Asia in 1997 and 1998 after a long period of phenomenal economic development, which continues by 1999. This crisis begins to be felt by the end of the decade. • In Japan, after three decades of economic growth put them in second place in the world's economies, the situation worsened after 1993.

The recession went on into the early first decade of the 21st century, bringing an end to the seemingly unlimited prosperity that the country had hitherto enjoyed. • The Philippines saw great economic development after the. The economy gains 5% from its deficit until the. • Less affluent nations such as India,, and also saw tremendous improvements in economic prosperity and quality of life during the 1990s. Restructuring following the end of the Cold War was beginning. However, there was also the continuation of terrorism in regions that were once the 'frontlines' for American and Soviet foreign politics, particularly in Asia.

And share a laugh in October 1995. Europe • By 1990, Soviet leader 's reforms were causing major inflation and economic chaos. A coup attempt by hard-liners in August 1991 failed, marking the effective end of the Soviet Union.

All its constituent republics declared their independence in 1991, and on Christmas, Gorbachev resigned from office. After 73 years, the Soviet Union had ceased to exist.

The new Russian Federation was headed by, and would face severe economic difficulty. Oligarchs took over Russia's energy and industrial sectors, reducing almost half the country to poverty. With a 3% approval rating, Yeltsin had to buy the support of the oligarchs to win reelection in 1996. Economic turmoil and devaluation of the ruble continued, and with heart and alcohol troubles, he stepped down from office on the last day of 1999, handing power to Vladimir Putin. • Russian financial crisis in the 1990s results in mass hyperinflation and prompts economic intervention from the and western countries to help Russia's economy recover. • The first restaurant opens in Moscow in 1990 with then-President of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR and future Russian President attending, symbolizing Russia's transition towards a capitalist economy and a move towards adopting elements of western culture. • Oil and gas were discovered in many countries in the former Soviet bloc, leading to economic growth and wider adoption of trade between nations.

These trends were also fueled by inexpensive fossil energy, with low petroleum prices caused by a glut of oil. Political stability and decreased militarization due to the winding down of the led to economic development and higher standards of living for many citizens. • Most of Europe enjoyed growing prosperity during the '90s. However, problems including the massive 1995 general strikes in France following a recession and the difficulties associated with lead to sluggish growth in these countries.

However, both the French and German economies improve in the latter half of the decade. Meanwhile, the economies of particularly Spain, and former countries accelerate at rapid speed during the decade although unemployment being mild due to many having experienced a deep recession for the start of the decade. • After the, the United Kingdom and experience rapid economic growth and falling unemployment that continues throughout the decade. Economic growth would continue until the marking the longest uninterrupted period of economic growth in history.

• Some Eastern European economies struggled after the fall of communism, but Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic,, and saw healthy economic growth rates in the late 1990s. • With the creation of the EU there is between member states, such as the 1992 and 1995 free trade agreements. • The Euro is adopted by the European Union on 1 January 1999, which begins a process of phasing out national currencies of EU countries. South America • The sluggish economies of Brazil, by a new emphasis on free markets for all their citizens, and Mexico, under economist president elected in 1994, were in their best shape by the late 1990s. Technology and science [ ]. See also: The 1990s were a revolutionary decade for digital technology. Between 1990 and 1997, individual ownership in the US rose from 15 to 35%.

Cell phones of the early-1990s and earlier ones were very large, lacked extra features, and were used by only a few percent of the population of even the wealthiest nations. Only a few million people used online services in 1990, and the had only just been invented. The first web browser went online in 1993 and by 2001, more than 50% of some Western countries had Internet access, and more than 25% had cell phone access. Electronics and communications [ ]. The logo created by The President's Council on the, for use on Y2K.gov • On August 6, 1991,, a pan European organization for particle research, publicized the new project. Although the basic applications and guidelines that make the Internet possible had existed for almost two decades, the network did not gain a public face until the 1990s. • Driven by mass adoption, consumer specifications increased dramatically during the 1990s, from 512 KB RAM 12 MHz in 1990, to 25–66 MHz -class processor at the start of the popularization of the World Wide Web mid-decade, to over 1 GHz CPUs with close to a of RAM by 2000.

• spread fear throughout the United States and eventually the world in the last half of the decade, particularly in 1999, about possible massive computer malfunctions on January 1, 2000. As a result, many people stocked up on supplies for fear of a worldwide disaster. After significant effort to upgrade systems on the part of software engineers, no failures occurred when the clocks rolled over into 2000. • Advancements in,,, and lead to faster connections to the Internet. • The is introduced and developed by the. • Email becomes popular; as a result, acquires the popular webmail service. • and the feature becomes popular.

And are two early protocols. • Businesses start to build websites; e-commerce-only companies such as,,, and grow rapidly. • The introduction of affordable, smaller and the standard in the mid-1990s expanded satellite television services that carried up to 500 television channels.

• The first MP3 player, the, is released in late spring of 1998. It came with 32 MB of expandable to 64 MB. By the mid-2000s, the MP3 player would overtake the CD player in popularity. • The first network is launched in Finland in 1991. • and regular become commercially available. They would replace film cameras by the mid-2000s. • introduces the 1-inch (25 mm) wide hard drive in 170 MB and 340 MB capacities.

• introduces the all-in-one computer, initiating a trend in computer design towards translucent plastics and multicolor case design, discontinuing many like, and beginning a resurgence in the company's fortunes that continues to this day. • drives are introduced. • The drive became standard for most personal computers during the decade.

• The DVD media format is developed and popularized along with a plethora of standards in 1994. • are initially popular but ultimately are replaced by mobile phones by the early-2000s. • Hand-held are introduced towards the end of the decade. • The becomes popular with the between late 1990 and early 1991 and CNN's coverage of and. Though CNN had been running 24-hour newscasts since 1980, it was not until the Gulf War that the general public took large notice and others imitated CNN's non-stop news approach.

•, introduced during the late 1980s, became very popular and had a profound impact on the music industry and youth culture during the 1990s. Became widely popular Software [ ] • operating systems become virtually ubiquitous on.

• introduces,, and to the market, which gain immediate popularity. • Macintosh was released in 1991. For much of the decade, Apple would struggle to develop a next-generation operating system, starting with and culminating in its December 1996 buyout of and the 1999 release of. • The development of such as and makes surfing the easier and more. • The is developed by (now ).

• In 1991, development of the free is started by in Finland. Eurostars [ ] The opening of the between France and the United Kingdom saw the commencement by the three national railway companies of Belgium, France and the United Kingdom, respectively, and of the joint service.

A pair of Eurostar trains at the former since moved to. The trains are based on the and are. Automobiles [ ] The 1990s began with another that dampened car sales. Continued to suffer huge losses thanks to an inefficient structure, stale designs, and poor quality.

Sales improved with the economy by the mid-1990s, but GM's US market share gradually declined to less than 40% (from a peak of 50% in the 1970s). While the new division fared well, declined sharply, and attempts to remake the division as a European-style luxury car were unsuccessful. Cars in the 1990s had a rounder, more streamlined shape than those from the 1970s and 1980s; this style would continue early into the 2000s and to a lesser extent later on.

Ran into financial troubles again as the 1990s started. Like GM, the company too had a stale model lineup (except for the best-selling ) that was largely based on the aging. In 1992, chairman retired, and the company began a remarkable revival, introducing the new and 'Cab-Forward' styling, along with a highly successful redesign of the full-sized in 1994. Chrysler's minivans continued to dominate the market despite increasing competition. In 1998, (the parent company of ) merged with Chrysler. The following year, it was decided to retire, which had been on a long decline since the 1970s.

Continued to fare well in the 1990s, with the and generations of the being named the best selling car in the United States from 1992 to 1996. However, the Taurus would be outsold and dethroned by the starting in 1997, which became the best selling car in the United States for the rest of the decade and into the 2000s. Ford also introduced the Ford Explorer, 1991 being the first model year. Fords Explorer became the best selling SUV on the market; out selling both the Chevy Blazer and Jeep Cherokee Japanese cars continued to be highly successful during the decade. The vied with the Taurus most years for being the best-selling car in the United States during the early part of the decade. Although launched in 1989, the luxury brands and began car sales of 1990 model year vehicles and saw great success.

Lexus would go on to outsell Mercedes-Benz and BMW in the United States by 1991, and would outsell Cadillac and Lincoln by the end of the decade. SUVs and trucks became hugely popular during the economic boom in the second half of the decade. Many makes that had never built a truck before started selling SUVs. Car styling during the 1990s became gradually more round and ovoid, the and being some of the more extreme examples.

Safety features such as and shoulder belts became mandatory equipment on new cars. • Physicists develop. • Detection of orbiting other than the sun. • In the United Kingdom, the first mammal, was confirmed by the, and was reported by global media on 26 February 1997. Dolly would trigger a raging controversy on cloning and concerns regarding possible human cloning continue to this day.

• identification of individuals finds wide application in. • was launched in 1990 and revolutionized. Unfortunately, a flaw in its main mirror caused it to produce fuzzy, distorted images. This was corrected by a shuttle repair mission in 1993.

• introduced allowing therapy against HIV; drastically reduces AIDS mortality. • 's spacecraft lands on and deploys a small roving vehicle,, which analyzes the planet's geology and atmosphere. • The comet swings past the sun for the first time in 4,200 years in April 1997. • Development of, replacing products made from; advances in methods for of waste products (such as paper, glass, and aluminum).

• are developed for commercial use. • Discovery of,,, and first confirmation of.

• The probe orbits, studying the planet and its moons extensively. • (formally designated D/1993 F2, nicknamed String of Pearls for its appearance) was a comet that broke apart and collided with Jupiter in July 1994, providing the first direct observation of an extraterrestrial collision of solar system objects. • The (GPS) becomes fully operational.

• Proof of is discovered. • Construction started in 1998 on the.

Environment [ ]. NASA satellite observation of deforestation in the Mato Grosso state of Brazil. The transformation from forest to farm is evident by the paler square shaped areas under development. At the beginning of the decade, and became serious issues for governments and the international community. In 1987, the publication of the by the United Nations had paved the way to establish an. In 1992 the was held in Rio de Janeiro, in which several countries to protect the environment, signing a. The prevention of the destruction of the of the world is a major environmental cause that first came into wide public concern in the early 1990s, and has continued and accelerated.

The had at the end of the 1980s, and the fallout was still causing cancer deaths well into the 1990s and possibly even into the 21st century. [ ] All along the 1990s, several helped improve among public opinion and governments. The most famous of these organizations during this decade was, which did not hesitate to lead illegal actions in the name of environmental preservation. These organizations also drawn attention on the of the during the period. As an aspect of also became a major concern, and the creation of the (UNFCCC) after the Earth Summit helped coordinate efforts to reduce carbon emissions in the atmosphere. From 1995, the UNFCCC held annual summits on climate change, leading to the adoption of the in December 1997, a binding agreement signed by several developed countries.

Society [ ] The 1990s represented continuing social liberalization in most countries, though coupled with an increase in the influence of capitalism, which would continue until the of the late 2000s/early 2010s. In the 1990s responded to this by embracing both environmentalism and. Western world fashions reflected this by often turning highly and/or, which was influenced by and: and gained popularity, and 'retro' styles inspired by fashions of the 1960s and 1970s were also prevalent. Some young people became increasingly involved in and outdoor activities that combined embracing athletics with the appreciation of nature. Those born in the 1990s are usually considered part of the, along with those born in the late 1970s and 1980s.

However, dates vary, with many demographers considering those born from 1995 onward as part of, the post-Millennial generation. The and cultures were prevalent, and the decade was heavily influenced. In 1990, the removed homosexuality from its list of diseases. Increasing acceptance of homosexuality occurred in the western world, slowly starting in the early 1990s. Third-wave feminism [ ].

Women's rights demonstration in Paris, November 1995 • and other women testify before the on being by Supreme Court nominee. Thomas was narrowly confirmed by the, but Hill's testimony, and the testimony of other harassed women, begins a national debate on the issue. • Record numbers of women are elected to high office in the United States in 1992, the '. • takes center stage as an important issue internationally. In the United States the was passed, which greatly affected the world community through the United Nations.

The law's author,, and UN Ambassador and Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, and Hillary Clinton (see below) become vocal advocates of action against violence against women. • Women reach great heights of power in the United States government., leading policy proposals, traveling abroad as a State Department representative to 82 nations, advising her husband, and being elected a (in 2000), is the most openly empowered and politically powerful in American history; and take two of 's top jobs as (#1), and (#4), respectively. Becomes head and of the and joins as the second woman on the. • More nations than ever before are led by elected women Presidents and Prime Ministers. Prime Minister 's 1988 victory in Pakistan makes women leaders in Muslim states unextraordinary. In Turkey, became the first female prime minister in 1993 (till 1996).

• Pop-group the also played a part in the feminist movement, boosting popularity with the phrase 'Girl Power!' Additional significant world-wide events [ ] • Worldwide New Year's Eve celebrations on 31 December 1999 welcoming the year 2000. • 1991 – Soviet Union military troops attack independence supporters in.

Killed 14 people and wounding 1000. • In Paris, and her friend, Dodi Al-Fayed, were killed in a car accident in August 1997, when their chauffeured, hired Mercedes-Benz S-Class crashed in the Pont de l'Alma tunnel. The chauffeur, Henri Paul died at the scene, as did Al-Fayed. Diana and an Al-Fayed bodyguard, Trevor Rees-Jones, survived the accident. The former Princess of Wales died at a Paris hospital hours later. The bodyguard, Rees-Jones, is the sole survivor of the now infamous accident. •, the Roman Catholic who won the, dies at age 87.

• The birth of the 'Second Republic' in Italy, with the investigations of 1994. • The across the opens in 1994, connecting France and England. As of 2007 it is the second-longest rail tunnel in the world, but with the undersea section of 37.9 km (23.5 mi) being the longest undersea tunnel in the world.

• The resignation of on 31 December 1999 resulting in Prime Minister 's succession to the position. North America • The occurred on 20 April 1999, in, when killed 12 students and a teacher before committing suicide, making it the deadliest high school shooting in United States history.

• – 's trial, described in the United States media as the ' and enormous United States media attention is focused on the trial. On 3 October 1995, Simpson was found 'not guilty' of double-murder of ex-wife and her friend,. • With help from clinical, an mother, Bobbie McCaughey, gave birth to the first surviving in 1997. There followed a media frenzy and widespread support for the family. •, his wife and sister-in-law are killed when Kennedy's private plane crashes off the coast of in July 1999.

• Debate on highly publicized by doctor, charged with multiple counts of of his terminally ill patients through the decade. • Beer becomes popular public policy in United States • The 500th anniversary of ' discovery of the Americas in 1992 was popularly observed in the United States, despite controversy and protests against the victimization of Native Americans by Columbus' expeditions. The holiday was labeled by some as, in view of Native American experiences of,,, and cultural destruction.

• is murdered near the for being. This sparks intense national and international media attention and outrage. He becomes a major symbol in the rights movement and the fight against.

• was a murdered on 11 January 1992. She was lured away from her house and held captive by a group of teenage girls. She was tortured for hours and burned alive. She died from smoke inhalation. Those that were found guilty and sentenced to prison were,,, and.

According to Melinda, she was jealous of the relationship that her former partner had with Shanda Sharer. This senseless murder shocked the nation. • was arrested with her husband, in 1993. Both sexually tortured and killed their victims. Their first victim was Karla's fifteen-year-old sister. The second and third victims were and. Karla told the investigators that she unwillingly did what Paul told her to do because he was abusive and was given a deal.

She was sentenced to only 12 years in prison (10 years for Mahaffy and French but only 2 years for Tammy). Later, investigators discovered videotapes of the crimes which proved that Karla was a willing participant. But by that time the deal had already been made. In 1995, Paul was sentenced to life in prison.

Karla was released from prison in 2005. • (3 January 1981 – October 1993) was kidnapped by from her home during a sleepover party. She was later strangled to death. After her death, her father, Marc Klaas, established the KlaasKids Foundation. • (6 August 1990 – 25 December 1996) was a child beauty pageant contestant who was missing and found dead in her,, home.

The crime horrified the nation and the world. Her parents were initially considered to be suspects in her death but were cleared in 2003 when DNA from her clothes were tested. To this day, her murderer has not been found and brought to justice.

Asia • – With the end of the Soviet Union, Israel faced a mass influx of Russian Jews, many of whom had high expectations the country was unable to meet. Israel also came under Iraqi missile attack during the Gulf War, but acquiesced to US pressure not to militarily retaliate, which could have disrupted the US-Arab alliance. The US and Netherlands then rushed anti-missile batteries to Israel to defend the country against missile attacks. • – On June 30, 1991 Three members of the Vizconde Family: Estrellita, Carmela and Jennifer were found dead inside of their house in,,,. It was described in the as the '.

In 2010 and his men were later acquitted by the for failure of the prosecution to prove their guilt beyond reasonable doubt. • The issue became one of the most controversial in Southeast Asia. • The closing Mass of the X was held in on January 15, 1995, attended by more than 5 million people. This is the of the Roman Catholic Church.

• The celebrates the 100th Anniversary of in 1998 with its theme: Kalayaan: Kayamanan ng Bayan. Popular culture [ ] Architecture [ ]. Style flannel shirt and Significant fashion trends of the 1990s include: •, 's hairstyle on the hit show, became a cultural phenomenon with millions of women copying it worldwide. • The increased in popularity in fashion and culture among teenage boys and young men in the 1990s, mainly after it was popularized in the film by the actor. • The model 1300 style has a resurgence of popularity in Europe in 1992 which kicks off a multinational media sensation, the 1994 re-introduction of 'The Wonderbra' brand, and a spike in push-up, plunge bras around the world. • Additional fashion trends of the 1990s include the,, and shoes. • Bleached Blond hair became very popular in the late '90s, as was men with short hair with the bangs 'flipped up'.

• sideburns also became popular in the early and mid-1990s. • were a popular fad among children, pre-teens and teenagers in the early 1990s and were available in a wide variety of patterns and colors. Also, popular among children were light-up sneakers,, and shoelace hair clips. • The hype at the beginning of the decade popularized shirts among both sexes during the 1990s. Main article: The 1990s were an eventful time for film.

Becomes an important European artistic motion picture movement by the end of the decade. The first full-length movie, 's, is released, revolutionizing animated films. Becomes a cultural phenomenon throughout the world, and eventually becomes the highest-grossing film of all time, grossing over $1.8 billion worldwide. It would hold this record for over a decade until 2010 when director had another one of his films take the title, that being.

The films produced by the became popular once more when the studio returned to making traditionally animated musical family classics such as,, and. This era was known as the. • Best Picture Academy Award winners: • (1990) • (1991) • (1992) • (1993) • (1994) • (1995) • (1996) • (1997) • (1998) • (1999) • The 25 highest-grossing films of the decade are (in order from highest to lowest grossing): • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. Fireworks in the after 's -winning home run, as the Canadian won their second straight title in 1993 against the US'. • players went on on 12 August 1994, thus ending the season and canceling the for the first time in 90 years.

The players' strike ended on 29 March 1995 when players and team owners came to an agreement. • American NBA basketball player became a major sports and pop culture icon idolized by millions worldwide. He revolutionized sports marketing through deals with companies such as,, and.

His Chicago Bulls team won six NBA titles during the decade (,,,, and ). He was loved outside basketball thanks to his self-portrayal in the film with the characters.

• The would expand from 21 to 30 teams. During the expansion years, several teams would relocate to new cities: the moved to and became the, the moved to and became the, the moved to and became the, and the moved to and became the. • The NHL's 1990s expansion saw new teams in cities that previously never had NHL hockey: (), (), (), Miami (), and (). The NHL also returned to Atlanta with the expansion.

• Two of the NHL's teams, the and the would end long championship droughts; the Rangers in after, and the Red Wings would win back to back Cups in and after. • Canadian hockey star led the, one of the original NHL expansion teams, to back-to-back Stanley Cup championships in and. • In addition to the Pittsburgh Penguins, three other NHL expansion teams went on to earn their first Stanley Cup championships: the in, the Colorado Avalanche in, and the Dallas Stars in.

• Canadian hockey star announced his retirement from the NHL in 1999. Upon his final game on 18 April, he held forty regular-season records, fifteen playoff records, and six All-Star records. He is the leading point-scorer in NHL history, as well as the only NHL player to total over 200 points in one season – a feat he accomplished four times.

In addition, he tallied over 100 points in 16 professional seasons, 14 of them consecutive. He played for four teams during his NHL career: the, the, the, and the New York Rangers. • American cyclist won his first in 1999, less than two years after battling. • In, the of the from the late 1980s continued until 1993, led by such stars as and. A second boom period of the decade was introduced during the between the WWF and from the middle of the decade to spawn the WWF's, home to some of the biggest names in Wrestling history such as, who would go on to have an that would go on until in April 2014, and and the highly popular group, along with and who brought WCW major success. • won an unprecedented of the, and after defeating 2–1 in May 1999.

• The United States hosted the 15th staging of the in 1994. To this day, it holds the record for largest attendance per game during the World Cup finals (even after the tournament's expansion to 32 teams and 64 matches). Additionally, this led to the creation of the. • In motor racing, triple World Champion is fatally injured in a crash at in 1994. Enters into the sport – winning his first two championships in and. Wins the and the championship in 1990, 1991, 1993 and 1994.

Delves into an organizational. • The 1990s also saw the return of the back to prominence after a 14-year NFL championship drought by winning three Super Bowls(, and ) in a four-year span. • The led by head coach won three national championships in college football in a four-year span (1994, 1995, 1997) • Led by head coach, The claimed to be the 'team of the '90s' by winning four national championships (1991, 1993, 1994, 1997) in division I-AA college football • The (1993) and (1997) debut and evolve into the modern sport of. • added four teams, (as Florida Marlins),, (as Tampa Bay Devil Rays), and the, and moved one () into the National League. • In 1998, Canada wins gold metals for the first time in at the in Open, Mixed and Masters. Television [ ]. Which premiered on in 1994 became one of the most popular sitcoms of all time.

TV shows, mostly, were popular with the American audience. Amigaos 3 9 Adfa. Series such as,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, and, which premiered in the eighties, and, a spin-off of the 1980s hit were viewed throughout the 1990s. These sitcoms, along with,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, and turned TV in new directions and defined the humor of the decade.

In early 1993, one of the last ever to air on television was, a which also starred as the title character. Lasting for 9 seasons, the show tackled a wide variety of subjects, and was one of the few shows ever to perform karate. 1993 also saw its debut of the – drama,, a comeback vehicle for, who guest-starred on an episode of its sequel,, where the show got off to a rocky start, and became one of television's long-running mysteries, that lasted until its cancelation in 2001.

Medical dramas started to come into television in the '90s. One show stood out as a critical and ratings success for.

In 1994,, which starred and, was a domestic and international success, lasting until 2009 and spawning series such as (2005–present). It made the most watched channel in the United States.

[ ] This show launched the career of. That same year,, that starred, and, was also a popular series for, lasting between 1994 and 2000. Ran on Fox from 1990 to 2000.

It established the teen soap genre paving the way for,, and other shows airing in later years. The show was then remade and renamed simply and premiered in 2008. Beverly Hills, 90210 spun-off, a popular TV show that dominated throughout the '90s as well., a popular TV show that dominated throughout the '90s, became the most watched TV show in history and influenced pop culture. 's frank portrayal of relationships and sexuality caused controversy and acclaim, leading to a new generation of sexually progressive television shows that would be seen in the 2000s. Fantasy was popular on television, with CBS airing, beginning in 1994. The series was intended as the comeback vehicle of, and also launched the career of.

It wasn't an immediate hit, and was canceled the following year, but revived the following year, thanks to die hard fans who approached a letter-writing campaign, where it ran for 8 more seasons. Crime drama and police detective shows returned after soap-operas died down. After the successful debuts of, and,, a comeback vehicle for, lasting 6 seasons (1996–2001) which also dealt with escapist entertainment, rather than tackling issues. Reality television began on MTV; this would grow in importance in the western world into the next decade.

During the mid-1990s, two of the biggest professional wrestling companies: and were in a ratings battle that was dubbed the Monday Night Wars (1995–2001). Each company fought to draw more viewers to their respective Monday night wrestling show. The 'War' ended in 2001 when bought. In November 2001, there was a Winner Takes All match with both companies in a Pay-Per-View called.

WWF won the match; putting a final end to WCW. As an animated sitcom,, debuted in December 1989, became a domestic and international success in the 1990s. The show has aired more than 600 episodes and has become an institution of pop culture. It has spawned the adult-oriented genre, inspiring racier shows such as (1993–1997), (1997-2001), along with and, the latter two of which began in 1997 and 1999 respectively and continue to air new episodes through the 2000s and into the 2010s.

Was popular in the 1980s, and expanded to a worldwide audience by the 1990s, for its expansive spectrum of story subjects and themes not limited to comedy and superhero action found in the US, and well produced, and well written, visual and story content, that held emotional and intellectual depth and integrity to its viewers, and which also expanded to older and adult ages in the medium of. TV shows such as,,,,,,,,,,,, to anime movies such as,,,,,, and imports by various distributors such as,,,,,,, and, helped begin the mid to late 1990s and early to mid-1900s introductory anime craze in the US, and the anime block in 1997. Nickelodeon's first animated series (,, ) debuted in 1991.

One of Nickelodeon's most popular and longest running series,, started in 1999 and became a huge success. American animated children's programs went through a renaissance during the decade with studios producing many critically acclaimed shows. Examples include,,,, and. Video games [ ].