This book is the compilation of papers presented at the International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies, held in Houston, Texas, November 10-12, 1992. The purpose of this conference was to report on the state-of-the-art techniques for in vivo body composition measurements and to present the most recent human data on normal body composition and changes during disease.

This conference was the third in a series of meetings on body composition studies held in North America, and follows the successful meetings at Brookhaven National Laboratory in 1986, and the one in Toronto in 1989. A large number of excellent research papers were offered for consideration at this Conference which demonstrates the rapid growth of the field in the last three years. However, we had to limit the presentations to approximately 90 papers which provided a broad spectrum of the applications and recent interest in the subject. The proceedings of the Brookhaven meeting 'In Vivo Body Composition Studies', is published by The Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine, London. The proceedings of the Toronto meeting 'In Vivo Body Composition Studies' was published by Plenum Press in its basic life science series. Both these meetings placed more emphasis on technical aspects while the current Houston meeting tried to emphasize more the emerging clinical applications of these techniques.

May 28, 2008. Dore, which was set up and funded by the millionaire paint entrepreneur Wynford Dore, promoted individualised exercise courses to patients to improve. Despite being promoted heavily in the media as a cure for dyslexia, the evidence base of the programme has been criticised by some scientists.

The general sessions used at the Conference for presentations forms the basis of the order of appearance of the papers in this book.

Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • Origin [ ] Dore, previously known as DDAT (Dyslexia Dyspraxia Attention Treatment), was initiated by businessman Wynford Dore for his daughter Susie who was diagnosed as severely dyslexic and became depressed and suicidal. After being told that there was no cure for dyslexia, Wynford began working with a team of researchers to investigate 's claim that the cerebellum is linked to the types of symptoms Susie was experiencing. Roy Rutherford, a friend of Wynford's, suggested that an underdeveloped cerebellum may be the cause of Susie's symptoms. The Dore programme was subsequently developed for Susie and, after she began to read and write, then made available to others. According to a video released by Dore, conditions such as,,,, and are linked to cerebellar function. Dore Program Practitioners believe that it is possible to treat difficulties in areas such as reading, attention, coordination, and social skills by developing these neural pathways. The Dore method [ ] The theory behind the Dore method is that skills such as and are learned through practice and become automatic because the cerebellum allows the learning process to occur at the maximum rate of efficiency.

The Dore method alleges that, as skills become more automatic, the working memory required to perform a task decreases. The Dore Programme aims to stimulate the development of the cerebellum and hence to strengthen the communications between the cerebrum and cerebellum. [ ] Suitability [ ] The Dore programme stipulates that clients must be 7 years of age or older; younger clients would be more difficult to accurately assess. Adults of all ages are believed to be suitable for Dore.

Dore Programme effectiveness [ ] The effectiveness of the Dore Programme is disputed. The first study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Dore programme was published in Dyslexia in 2003, which reported improvements in writing, reading, and comprehension of 35 school-aged students at Balsall Common School in Warwickshire, UK on standardised testing. Most of the study participants did not have any diagnosed learning difficulties: six had dyslexia, two had developmental coordination disorder and one had ADHD. Some of the remainder were identified as 'at risk' on the basis of the Dyslexia Screening Test, but the majority of children did not have severe difficulties. A follow-up to this study was published in Dyslexia in 2006, and, upon reevaluating the students, the authors report significant improvements in writing, reading, and comprehension, as well as ADHD attention skills. Studies on efficacy with the target clinical groups have yet to be replicated in a peer-reviewed medical journal, and where control data are available, the evidence of gains in associated with the Dore programme needs to be further validated. Research [ ] Of the treatment [ ] The Dore Programme treatment has been studied and continues to be the subject of further research.

The study by Reynolds et al. Has been challenged.

For example, a was included only for a subset of assessments, and not for follow up; little information was provided on the test scores or treatment status of children in the experimental group who were not followed up. The two authors of the research defended it as showing significant and maintained gains in coordination after treatment. A number of papers published in the journal have found the apparently independent academic research Dore initially offered in support of the treatment to be the subject of some debate. According to an article published in the in 2004, many of Britain's foremost academics maintain that the results need to be replicated.

Into early claims [ ] The UK's and upheld complaints made about a 2002 news item on British television in which hailed DDAT as a 'breakthrough in the treatment of dyslexia.' It repeated this decision about a later item on, and found a made by DDAT to be in breach of Advertising Standards Code Rules for creating a false impression of the medical evidence, and implying that professional medical advice and support would be part of the treatment.

In all these cases, however, they stated that: 'the ITC does not express, nor does it seek to express, any view whatsoever on DDAT as an organisation or the relative efficacy of its treatment for dyslexia, neither of which was the subject of this finding.' The complaints were mainly about claims that this was new and pioneering research when many elements date back to at least 30 years before the DDAT was founded.

Controversy [ ] After the British journal Dyslexia published one paper about the Dore programme in 2003, the paper was followed by ten critical commentaries and one commentator resigned from Dyslexia's editorial board. In 2006, five members of the board of directors resigned in protest of the publication of a follow-up article highly favorable of Dore, citing concerns about the methodology used in the study and financial conflicts of interest due to Dore's involvement in funding the research. The editor of Dyslexia defended the decision to publish, and the authors of the original Dore research paper responded vigorously to these criticisms and continued to support their findings and conclusions. Advertising Standards Authority rules against Dore [ ] In December 2009, the (ASA) ordered Dore to take down advertisements it posted via Google links that claimed the program offered help for dyslexia, Asperger syndrome, and ADHD developmental coordination disorder. Dore attempted to defend the ads by citing two studies supporting its claims, but the ASA ruled that the advertisements' claims were unsupported by the studies and were misleading.

Financial history [ ] In May 2008 the DDAT company (Dyslexia Dyspraxia Attention Treatment), went into liquidation in the UK. On 23 January 2009, Dynevor Ltd acquired the intellectual property rights and the assets of the Dore programme from Wynford Dore and CDT Ltd. References [ ]. • Dore, USA.. Retrieved 26 November 2013. • ^ Reynolds D, Nicolson RI (May 2007).

'Follow-up of an exercise-based treatment for children with reading difficulties'. 13 (2): 78–96... • ^ Bishop DV (2007).. J Paediatr Child Health. 43 (10): 653–5.... • Scott, Caroline (March 5, 2006).. Retrieved 8 April 2011.

• Dore, W (2006). Dyslexia: the miracle cure. London: John Blake Publishing.

• Yeager, Mark.. Dore Program YouTube Video. Retrieved 17 June 2011. • Yeager, Mark..

YouTube Public Video. Retrieved 7 December 2011. • Dore, USA.. Retrieved 26 November 2013. • Albritton, Jim.. Retrieved 29 June 2011.

Your questions answered. Archived from on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2011. • ^ Reynolds, D; Nicolson, R.I.; Hambly, H (August 2003). 'Evaluation of an exercise-based treatment for children with reading difficulties'.

9 (3): 164–176... Dore Research. Archived from on 22 September 2012.

Retrieved 30 April 2012. • Bishop DV.. Retrieved 2009-12-31. • Bishop DV (2007).. J Paediatr Child Health. 43 (10): 653–5....

• Bishop DV (2008). 'Criteria for evaluating behavioural interventions for neurodevelopmental disorders'.

J Paediatr Child Health. 44 (9): 520–1... • • Reynolds D, Nicolson R (2008). 'Comment on 'Curing dyslexia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder by training motor co-ordination: miracle or myth? J Paediatr Child Health. Descargar El Corte De Oro Pdf Merge.

44 (9): 521–2... • Gold K (2004-07-02).. Times Educational Supplement.

Retrieved 2009-12-31. • Chris Tregenza (2004-07-06)..

Archived from on 2006-10-27. • Revell, Phil (07-16-02)..

Retrieved 2010-05-01. Check date values in: date= () • Critical commentaries of Reynolds et al. 2003: • Miles TR; Peer, L (2003). 'Commentaries on the Reynolds et al. 9 (2): 122–3... • Peer L; Peer, L (2003). 9 (2): 123–4...

• Stein J (2003). 'Evaluation of an exercise based treatment for children with reading difficulties'. 9 (2): 124–6...

• Snowling MJ, Hulme C (2003). 9 (2): 127–33... Retrieved 2008-04-10. • Rack J (2003). 'The who, what, why and how of intervention programmes: comments on the DDAT evaluation'. 9 (3): 137–9...

• Hatcher PJ (2003). 'Reading intervention: a 'conventional' and successful approach to helping dyslexic children acquire literacy'.

9 (3): 140–5... • Richards IL, Moores E, Witton C, et al. 'Science, sophistry and 'commercial sensitivity': comments on 'Evaluation of an exercise-based treatment for children with reading difficulties', by Reynolds, Nicolson and Hambly'. 9 (3): 146–50... • Singleton C, Stuart M (2003).

'Measurement mischief: a critique of Reynolds, Nicolson and Hambly (2003)'. 9 (3): 152–60... • McPhillips M (2003). 'A commentary on an article published in the February 2003 edition of 'Dyslexia', 'Evaluation of an exercise-based treatment for children with reading difficulties' (Reynolds, Nicolson, & Hambly)'. 9 (3): 161–3...

• Whiteley HE, Pope D (2003). 'Reynolds, D., Nicolson, R.

And Hambly, H. Evaluation of an exercise-based treatment for children with reading difficulties'. 9 (3): 164–6... • Swinford S (2006-11-26)...

Retrieved 2008-04-10. Archived from on 2014-12-05. Retrieved 2007-05-03. • June 6, 2008, at the. • * Nicolson; Reynolds, David (2003).

'Science, Sense and Syngergy:Response to Commentators article'. 9 (2): 167–176.. * Nicolson R, Reynolds D (2007). 'Sound Design and balanced Analyses:Response to Rack and Colleagues'.

13: 105–109.. • ASA ruling on Dore advertisements: • Symons J (2009-12-17).. Retrieved 2009-12-31. Advertising Standards Authority. Archived from on 2010-02-22. Retrieved 2010-01-05. • Hawkes N (2008-05-29)..

Retrieved 2008-11-13. Kenilworth Weekly News. Retrieved 2009-12-31. Dore Official Website. Archived from on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2011.

External links [ ] • • •.